Center000 Essays - Biology, Biological Nomenclature, Free Essays

Center000 Essays - Biology, Biological Nomenclature, Free Essays center000 center6985 Title: Modern classification and human health Name: Sulaiman Issa Class: 9A Presented to: Farooq Nazer Date:10/18.2017 Year: MYP4 517207588582500 We can all agree the fact that there are millions of species and types of different things in our planet. So scientists wanted to think of a way to group similar living organisms so it will be easier to identify and to help scientists study them, so this idea grew with different scientists and then brought the system of classification or taxonomy, so this system divides organisms to big groups with similar characteristics and as you move down the group the organisms would have more features in common. So after making this system there were multiple groups and the bigger groups were called kingdoms, and we have 5 kingdoms: Animal Kingdom, Plant Kingdom, Fungi Kingdom, Kingdom Bacteria, Kingdom Protista. The taxonomy system was created by Carl Linnaeus. And as the days went scientists improved the ways of classifying organisms which made the world go to a whole new revolution that helps scientists to study new organisms and to help human beings , by under standing and developing new things in the human nature and other living organisms. right571500 Carl Linnaeus the father of modern taxonomy, Linnaeus made a huge evolution in the modern days by creating the taxonomy system, the taxonomy term can be divided as taxis to arrange something and nomos is a law, so biological classification is a process in which scientists group and organize living organisms. And these organisms can be classified how similar they are and how much features they have in common, and in the past they would classify animals depending on similarity by examining the physical characteristics of a living organism but as the years moved these techniques developed. In the classification system there are 5 kingdoms that represent the main living organisms and in each kingdom there are organisms that have the general characteristic but as we move down we can see that the characteristics of the animals is becoming more specified. Also to support my definition an example of classification is the honey bee (Apis mellifera) would be classified in the following way: Kingdom = Animalia , Phylum = Arthropoda , Class = Insecta , Order = Hymenoptera , Family = Apidae , Genus = Apis , Species = Apis mellifer. Species names are always written including the Genus in full, for example, Apis mellifera or A. mellifera respectively . 407416015113000 Now talking about the history of taxonomy and classification the idea of classifying living organisms came from the Greek scientist Aristotle (384-322 B.C.), was one of the first scientist to organize living things, thus among other things he studied, Aristotle was a taxonomist. His idea started by dividing organisms to 2 main groups plants and animals, and then he divided these 2 groups into three smaller groups: Animal Subgroups: Land, Water, Air. And Plant Subgroups: Small, Medium, Large. But his classification system wasn't that good for not fitting all organisms for example frogs start by living in water and having gills like fish but after they grow up they are able to live on land and have lungs so he couldn't classify frogs. And despite all the problems in Aristotle classification system it was used for 2000 years until a Swedish biologist in the 1700s Carolus Linnaeus . Linnaeus got the idea from Aristotle and improved where he used the same thing Aristotle used that is classifying organisms by their traits and both Aristotle and Linnaeus started with two main groups but Linnaeus called them group unlike Aristotle and he divided these kingdoms into five levels: class, order, genus, species. And organisms were placed in each level based on their traits body parts characteristics abilities , sh ape, and physical form and more. And after the years moved the father of taxonomy (Linnaeus) established a very important thing and it is the naming of species were he called it the binomial system, the first part of the species name identifies the genus to which the species belongs; the second part identifies the species within the genus. For example, humans belong to the genus Homo and to the species sapiens , so the